World Congress on
Aquaponics & Aquaculture

Due to the circulation of the chemicalized unhealthy foods and control over the environmental agriculture all around, increases the need of fresh organic crops and fishes. In that way, application of commercial and community aquaponics is growing exponentially to meet the demand. Recent advances by researchers and growers alike have turned aquaponics into a working model of sustainable food production.

Organic crops growth is majorly dependent on the suitable climate and the temperature at which they grow. There is a huge chance of microbial attacks since the biofilms is sticky and contain both harmful and beneficial microbes. In recent years, public concern regarding food safety has increased because of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic residues, persistent organic pollutants, and chemicals in farmed seafood.

Hydroponic system provides the ability to conscientiously control the variables that effects in plant quality and the yields produced. Maturity rate of the plants in this system is about 25% faster and the yield rate is 30% more when compared to the rates in agricultural method. This system majorly uses the water solvents as a nutrient from different means other than the fish waste, manures and chemical fertilizers.

Growing demand for seafood has tremendously increased and made to grow all aquatic animals and aquatic plants externally with the help of technology in all types of water, marine, ponds, lakes and rivers. This method Aquaculture involves farming, breeding, rearing and harvesting all sorts of fishes and seaweeds. It also helps in restoring the habitat and population of endangered aquatic species. Complex interactions between nutrients, bacteria and cultured organisms, together with advances in hydrodynamics applied to pond and tank design, have enabled the development of closed systems.

Providing the nutrition nourished feed plays an important role in the livestock production. Feeds manufacturing totally depends on the delivery rate and digestion rate of the species. Highly nutritious feed with rich content of protein, vitamins, carbohydrates and minerals result in the high growth rate of the fishes, it also supports other planktonic growths.

There are various factors which affects the growth of the aquatic species. While compared to other, the damage caused by environmental factors such as algal blooms, ingestion of heavy metals like mercury by the fishers, etc. were widely seen and experienced by the aquaculture practitioners.

Various infectious diseases caused by the virus, bacteria, parasites, microbes and pathogens poses one of the most significant threat in aquaculture. Control of the disease by prevention and eradication is quite a great challenge for the researchers because of the crowded and unnatural environment causes the fishes to get stressed and susceptible to more diseases.

Recirculating Aquaculture System provides various advantages like increasing production with minimum consumption of water and land resources, flexibility, spontaneous disease control and full pledged harvesting over open aquaculture systems. Oxygen is required by the fish to metabolize food and Temperature must be in control because each fish species have a preferred temperature which when altered causes negative health effects.

Fish has become one of the primary sources of food for many developing countries because of its availability, this situation has created a more demand in the stock market leading to the critical shortages in the poor countries. Major objective of Fishery management is to meet the demand by protecting the resources under regular surveillance and control over the ecosystem. Fishery science clubs up the various fields related to the disciplines like fresh water biology, oceanography, marine science, ecology, etc. Fisheries are segmented into two groups fresh water and marine water fisheries, where the marine water plays a major role in the coastal lines.

Shrimp farming refers to the cultivation of marine shrimps for the commercial purpose to meet the human consumption need majorly in US, Europe and Japan. It is basically done in two ways; Fresh water shrimp culture and Marine water shrimp culture. Fresh water farming is usually done in the warmer climate to support the growth leading to the huge commercial business. Global production of shrimp farming has reached around 1.6 million tonnes in 2003 where China and Thailand contribute 75% and remaining 25% is produced Latin America. Technological advancement led to shrimp growth at ever higher densities, and brood stock is shipped global.

Cultivation of Marine organisms which were used for consumption as food and also non-food products were commonly done in Mariculture leading to the possibility of sustainable protein-rich food production and an economical development of local communities. Emerging Mariculture technique extensively reduces the pressure on the Wild fishes, molluscs, etc. The growth rate of Mariculture production is observed as 5% to 7% per annum due to the rise in the seafood consumption and overfishing as the Mariculture results in the huge source of high-yield animal-derived protein at a low cost.

Underwater ecosystem made up of large number of polyps or marine invertebrates result in a coral reef. Those marine invertebrates are permanently fixed in one place with the exoskeleton structure composed of hard calcium carbonate separated from the seawater covering the inner soft sac like bodies. They provide food and shelters to fishes, molluscs, sea urchins, etc. and plays a major role in marine ecosystem by forming the complex three-dimensional structures. Polyps generally feeds on the micro organisms and planktons using their tentacles at night for their growth.

Study of all the organisms and plants in the deep sea is commonly said as Marine Biology, but in deep it is clubbed with various sub fields like oceanography, ichthyology, fisheries and aquaculture, ethology, etc. Acidification, oil spills, pollution is becoming a great threat to the ocean biodiversity and ecosystem leading to the inevitable loss of the marine resources.

Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture implies the design of growing the aquaculture fed species, organic and inorganic aquaculture species together in one system in order to create balanced environmental condition and to maintain the stability and sustainability. All the organisms in this system rely on each other for their food and the growth, the inorganic waste of one organism is the organic fertilizer of the other.

Advancement of various techniques for the effective growth rate and the survival rate of the species is taking place to meet the demand by enhancing the feed given, oxygen level in the water and protection from the predators. These innovations has become essential for the sustainable growth of the products in the commercial sectors without causing any harmful impacts in the bio diversity and the marine system. Many researchers were being undergone by the scientists to improve the breeding rate and the secure the endangered species.

Aquatic Ecology, study of the relationship between the aquatic animas with their environment either ponds, oceans lakes or rivers based on which the ecosystems were classified as marine, lake, rivers, pond, freshwater and wetland ecosystem.  Growing human population leads to the exploitation of the marine ecosystem directly by over fishing and about 40% of corals were bleached due to the chemicals leading to death of the coral reefs.

On concerning the social and economical condition of the developing world, fisheries adapts an intelligent policies for an adequate understanding of the economic and human factors like economic structure and dynamics of fishery systems and the role of social, cultural, institutional and political aspects. Fisheries and Aquaculture Industries contributes over 1.3% in total GDP of the country.

Regulation of Aquaculture laws and policies is an important step to be followed by each and every aquaculture industries. The policies which were regulated and implemented with certain set of rules in one country will differ from other country. Those policies ensures food safety, water quality, efficiency, environmental protection, permit and transparency

Aquaculture engineering deals with many general engineering specialized areas such as environmental, material and mechanical for building designs and monitoring. Aquaculture engineers plays a major role in the development of new species and new techniques by utilizing their technical knowledge and the principles in aquaculture and biological production system. This supports the production system in the field of aquaculture and fisheries.

Coasts creates an interface between the land and sea comprising currents and wave actions. These wave action changes the coastal lines by continuously hitting the shoreline with various strengths. Flow of Glaciers and lava from the volcano also results in the change of coast line. Marine life is affected by the sedimentation found in the rocks, animals and plants due to the pollution of sea and change in weather condition.

Mortality in fishes is determined by two ways, harvest mortality is caused due to lack of enough nutrients, infectious diseases and the natural mortality caused by old age. Using Mortality rate, birth rate and growth rate the yield of the fishes is determined. Population dynamics describes growth and the shrink in the population over time.

Regular Statistical Analysis is necessary for tracking the performance of fisheries management and for the better policy development. The major problem faced during this analysis were lack of fund and human resources, gaps in data collection, processing and analysis. These factors tends to the inadequate and insufficient data.